What does "CSO" refer to in wastewater management?

In wastewater management, "CSO" refers to Combined Sewer Overflow. This term describes a situation that occurs in a combined sewer system, where stormwater and sewage are transported in the same pipe. During heavy rainfall or snowmelt, the volume of water can exceed the capacity of the system, leading to an overflow. This overflow can result in untreated sewage being released into nearby water bodies, which can pose significant environmental and public health risks. Understanding CSOs is crucial for managing urban water systems, as they require effective planning and infrastructure to minimize their occurrence and impact.

The other options relate to important concepts but do not represent the specific meaning of CSO within the context of wastewater management.